超聲波清洗機(jī)的核心原理基于“空化效應(yīng)”。其工作流程為：超聲波發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生高頻電信號（通常20kHz以上），換能器（如壓電陶瓷或磁致伸縮材料）將電能轉(zhuǎn)化為高頻機(jī)械振動(dòng)，振動(dòng)通過清洗槽壁傳遞至清洗液中形成超聲波。

The core principle of ultrasonic cleaning machine is based on the "cavitation effect". The workflow is as follows: the ultrasonic generator generates high-frequency electrical signals (usually above 20kHz), and the transducer (such as piezoelectric ceramics or magnetostrictive materials) converts electrical energy into high-frequency mechanical vibrations. The vibrations are transmitted through the cleaning tank wall to the cleaning solution to form ultrasonic waves.

超聲波以正壓和負(fù)壓高頻交替變化的方式在清洗液中疏密相間地向前輻射傳播。在負(fù)壓作用時(shí)，液體中產(chǎn)生真空核群泡；在壓縮力作用時(shí)，真空核群泡受壓力壓碎時(shí)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的沖擊力，由此剝離被清洗物表面的污垢。氣泡破裂瞬間產(chǎn)生能量出色大的沖擊波，相當(dāng)于瞬間產(chǎn)生幾百度的高溫和高達(dá)上千個(gè)大氣壓的壓力。這種巨大的能量能破壞不溶性污物而使其分散于溶液中，達(dá)到精密洗凈的目的。

Ultrasonic waves radiate forward in the cleaning solution in a high-density alternating manner, alternating between positive and negative pressures at high frequencies. When subjected to negative pressure, vacuum nucleate bubbles are generated in the liquid; When subjected to compressive force, the vacuum core group bubble generates a strong impact force when crushed under pressure, thereby peeling off the dirt on the surface of the cleaned object. The burst of a bubble instantly generates a shockwave of immense energy, equivalent to producing temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius and pressures of up to thousands of atmospheres. This tremendous energy can destroy insoluble pollutants and disperse them in the solution, achieving the goal of precise cleaning.

除空化作用外，超聲波清洗還利用加速度作用和直進(jìn)流作用對液體和污物產(chǎn)生直接、間接的作用，使污物層被分散、乳化、剝離。

In addition to cavitation, ultrasonic cleaning also utilizes acceleration and direct flow to have direct and indirect effects on liquids and pollutants, causing the pollutant layer to disperse, emulsify, and peel off.

超聲波清洗機(jī)主要由三大核心部分組成：

The ultrasonic cleaning machine mainly consists of three core parts:

（一）超聲電源（超聲頻電功率源） 。將工業(yè)用電轉(zhuǎn)換成超聲頻電功率的輸出裝置。早期采用電子管器件，體積大效率低，目前已被晶體管替代，可實(shí)現(xiàn)效率高、功率大、體積小的特點(diǎn)。

（1） Ultrasonic power supply (ultrasonic frequency electric power source). An output device that converts industrial electricity into ultrasonic frequency electrical power. In the early days, electronic tube devices were used due to their large size and low efficiency. However, they have now been replaced by transistors, which can achieve high efficiency, high power, and small size.

（二）超聲波換能器。分為磁致伸縮型和電致伸縮型（壓電式換能器）兩類。換能器將電能轉(zhuǎn)換為同頻機(jī)械振動(dòng)能。

（2） Ultrasonic transducer. It is divided into two types: magnetostrictive type and electrostrictive type (piezoelectric transducer). The transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration energy of the same frequency.

（三）清洗槽。盛清洗介質(zhì)的容器，非常基本的要求是透聲，工業(yè)上一般采用既透聲又耐腐蝕的不銹鋼制造。清洗槽可以是單槽，也可以由多個(gè)單槽組合成連續(xù)的生產(chǎn)線。清洗槽外圍可安裝加熱及控溫裝置，加熱可大大提高超聲波清洗效率。

（3） Cleaning tank. The most basic requirement for containers containing cleaning media is sound transmission, and stainless steel that is both sound transparent and corrosion-resistant is generally used in industry. The cleaning tank can be a single tank or a continuous production line composed of multiple single tanks. Heating and temperature control devices can be installed around the cleaning tank, and heating can greatly improve the efficiency of ultrasonic cleaning.

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